Density-based atomistic properties#
The density-based properties are computed based on the electron density of the system. We mainly focus on the cumulative multipole moments and the Mulliken population analysis. The following properties are available:
Dictionary Key |
Description |
Equation |
|---|---|---|
|
Mulliken population s-shell |
\(p_s = \sum_{\mu \in s \in A}^{N_{\text{BF}}}\sum_{\nu}^{N_{\text{BF}}}P_{\mu \nu} S_{\mu\nu}\) |
|
Mulliken population p-shell |
\(p_p = \sum_{\mu \in p \in A}^{N_{\text{BF}}}\sum_{\nu}^{N_{\text{BF}}}P_{\mu \nu} S_{\mu\nu}\) |
|
Mulliken population d-shell |
\(p_d = \sum_{\mu \in d \in A}^{N_{\text{BF}}}\sum_{\nu}^{N_{\text{BF}}}P_{\mu \nu} S_{\mu\nu}\) |
|
dipole moment s-shell |
\(\mu_s = |\boldsymbol{\mu}_s| =\sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left( \sum_{\kappa\in s \in A}\sum_{\lambda} P_{\kappa\lambda} \left( \alpha_A S_{\lambda\kappa} - D^\alpha_{\lambda\kappa}\right) \right)^2}\)
|
|
dipole moment p-shell |
\(\mu_p = |\boldsymbol{\mu}_p| =\sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left( \sum_{\kappa\in p \in A}\sum_{\lambda} P_{\kappa\lambda} \left( \alpha_A S_{\lambda\kappa} - D^\alpha_{\lambda\kappa}\right) \right)^2}\) |
|
dipole moment d-shell |
\(\mu_d = |\boldsymbol{\mu}_d| =\sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left( \sum_{\kappa\in d \in A}\sum_{\lambda} P_{\kappa\lambda} \left( \alpha_A S_{\lambda\kappa} - D^\alpha_{\lambda\kappa}\right) \right)^2}\) |
|
quadrupole moment s-shell |
\(\Theta_s = ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_s|| = \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{s}-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{l}\right)^2 }\) a b |
|
quadrupole moment p-shell |
\(\Theta_p = ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_p|| = \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{p}-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{l}\right)^2 }\) a b |
|
quadrupole moment d-shell |
\(\Theta_d = ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_d|| = \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{d}-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{l}\right)^2 }\) a b |
|
atomic partial charge |
\(q_A = Z'_A - \sum_{\mu\in A}^{N_{\text{BF}}} \sum_{\nu}^{N_{\text{BF}}} P_{\mu \nu} S_{\mu\nu}\) |
|
atomic dipole moment |
\(\mu_A = |\boldsymbol{\mu}_A| = \sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left(\mu_A^\alpha\right)^2} \text{ with: } \mu_A^\alpha = \sum_{l\in A} \mu_l^\alpha\) with: \(l \in {s,p,d}\) |
|
atomic quadrupole moment |
\(\Theta_A = ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_A||=\sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A}-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A}\right)^2 }\) with: \(\Theta_A^{\alpha\beta} = \sum_{l\in A} \Theta_l^{\alpha\beta}\) |
a. with \(\Theta_l^{\alpha\beta} = \frac{3}{2} \theta_l^{\alpha\beta} - \frac{\delta_{\alpha\beta}}{2}\left( \theta_l^{xx}+ \theta_l^{yy}+\theta_l^{zz}\right)\)
and \(\theta_l^{\alpha\beta} = \sum_{\kappa\in l\in A}\sum_{\lambda} P_{\kappa\lambda} \left( \alpha_A D^\beta_{\lambda\kappa}+\beta_A D^\alpha_{\lambda\kappa} -\alpha_A\beta_A S_{\lambda\kappa} - Q^{\alpha\beta}_{\lambda\kappa}\right)\)
and the quadrupole moment integral: \(Q^{\alpha\beta}_{\lambda\kappa} = \left\langle \psi_\lambda |\alpha\beta| \psi_\kappa\right\rangle\)
Kronecker delta: \(\delta_{\alpha\beta} = 1\) if \(\alpha = \beta\) and 0 otherwise.
Note
For unrestricted calculations, the properties are computed for each spin channel separately.
This is currently only the case, if a spin-polarized calculation has been performed.
In this case all properties are available with the suffix _alpha and _beta for the alpha and beta spin channel, respectively.
Extended density-based properties#
The extended density-based properties are computed based on the atomic properties seen above. The convolution kernel \(f_{\text{log}}(R_A,R_B)\) has been defined in the xtbml section. The following properties are available:
Dictionary Key |
Description |
Equation |
|---|---|---|
|
ext. atomic partial charge |
\(q_{A,\text{ext}} = \frac{q_A}{(CN_A+1)} + \sum_{B\neq A}^{N_{\text{atoms}}} q_B \cdot \frac{f_{\text{log}(R_A,R_B)}}{(CN_B+1)}\) |
|
ext. atomic dipole moment |
\(\mu_{A,\text{ext}} = | \boldsymbol{\mu}_{A,\text{ext}} | = \sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)} \left( \mu_{A,\text{ext}}^\alpha \right)^2}\) with: \(\mu_{A,\text{ext}}^\alpha = \frac{\mu_A^\alpha}{(CN_A+1)} + \sum_{B\neq A} \left( \mu_B^\alpha - \alpha_{AB} q_B\right) \frac{f_{\text{log}(R_A,R_B)}}{(CN_B+1)}\) |
|
ext. atomic quadrupole moment |
\(\Theta_{A,\text{ext}}= ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_{A,\text{ext}}||= \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,\text{ext}}-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,ext}\right)^2 }\)
|
|
ext. atomic dipole (only electronic effects) |
\(\mu_{A,\text{ext},e} =|\boldsymbol{\mu}_{A,\text{ext},e}| = \sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left(\mu_{A,\text{ext},e}^\alpha\right)^2}\)
|
|
ext. atomic quadrupole (only electronic effects) |
\(\Theta_{A,\text{ext},e}= ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_{A,\text{ext},e}||= \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,\text{ext},e}\right)^2-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,\text{ext},e}\right)^2 }\)
|
|
ext. atomic dipole (only nuclear effects) |
\(\mu_{A,\text{ext},Z} =|\boldsymbol{\mu}_{A,\text{ext},Z}| = \sqrt{\sum_{\alpha \in \:(x,y,z)}\left(\mu_{A,\text{ext},Z}^\alpha\right)^2}\)
|
|
ext. atomic quadrupole (only nuclear effects) |
\(\Theta_{A,\text{ext},Z}= ||\boldsymbol{\Theta}_{A,\text{ext},Z}||= \sqrt{ \sum_{\alpha\beta \:\in\:(xx,xy,xz,yy,yz,zz)}2\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,\text{ext},Z}\right)^2-\delta_{\alpha\beta}\left(\Theta^{\alpha\beta}_{A,\text{ext},Z}\right)^2 }\)
|
Note
For unrestricted calculations, the properties are computed for each spin channel separately.
This is currently only the case, if a spin-polarized calculation has been performed.
In this case all properties are available with the suffix _alpha and _beta for the alpha and beta spin channel, respectively.